Ergonomic Safety Lock for Cam Lock Fitting

ABSTRACT

A method and apparatus for an improved safety cam lock fitting having ergonomically designed double cam levers having outer and inner portions so that when the outer cam levers are opened and the inner cam lever remain closed, the male and female portions of the cam lock fitting only slightly separate from each other allowing the operator to quickly reclose the cam lock fitting if the operator observes that the cam lock fitting still contains pressurized material. This is accomplished by providing a larger cam lobe on the outer cam lever and a smaller cam lobe on the inner cam lever so that when the smaller cam lobe is in a closed position and protrudes into a peripheral groove on the male portion the male and female ends have a small space therein between. Various configurations of the cam portions relative to each other are provided. Various lever locking assemblies may be used to prevent the cam levers from being inadvertently opened.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/286,014 filed Feb. 26, 2019.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to cam lock fittings and, more particularly, is concerned with a cam lock fitting having a pair of double cam levers providing an ergonomic safety lock and a lever latching mechanism thereon.

Description of the Related Art

Cam lock fittings having double cam levers have been described in the related art, and, cam lock fittings having safety features have been described in the related art. However, none of the related art devices disclose the unique features of the present invention.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,802,694 to Vargo, dated Feb. 7, 1989, disclosed a quick-disconnect coupling. However, in use the coupling of Vargo was plagued by the problem that its handles 64, 60 and 74, 68 could be inadvertently opened simultaneously by an operator, thus making it dangerous to use; this occurred because the handles were disposed in side-by-side relation as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4. The present invention overcomes this problem by requiring that the outer handle 62 be opened prior to the inner handle 64. Vargo actually teaches away from the present invention because it relied on springs 50 to retain the safety handles 64, 68 in their locked positions unlike the present invention which has outer and inner handles 62, 64 (See Vargo, Column 9, lines 52-56).

U.S. Pat. No. 8,955,885 to Dixon, dated Feb. 17, 2015, disclosed a hose coupling locking mechanism. U.S. Pat. No. 8,172,271 to Dixon, dated May 8, 2012, disclosed a hose coupling locking mechanism. U.S. Pat. No. 6,543,812 to Chang, dated Apr. 8, 2003, disclosed a self-locking quick release coupler adapted to a groove adapter. U.S. Pat. No. 5,904,380 to Lee, dated May 18, 1999, disclosed a pipe joint. U.S. Pat. No. 5,791,694 to Fahl, et al., dated Aug. 11, 1998, disclosed a lock for coupling cam arms. U.S. Pat. No. 3,439,942 to Moore, et al., dated Apr. 22, 1969, disclosed a retaining member for coupling. U.S. Pat. No. 6,095,190 to Wilcox, et al., dated Aug. 1, 2000, disclosed a coupling with a female half having internal pressure relief.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,863,079 to Donais, et al., dated Jan. 26, 1999, disclosed a quick-connect, disconnect coupling. U.S. Pat. No. 5,595,217 to Gillen, et al., dated Jan. 21, 1997, disclosed a dry break coupling assembly with a cam locking connection system. U.S. Pat. No. 5,234,017 to Aflin, et al., dated Aug. 10, 1993, disclosed a restrictor valve for metered liquid dispensing system. U.S. Pat. No. 4,538,632 to Vogl dated Sep. 3, 1985, disclosed a shut-off valve for a fuel truck or tanker drain off having down spouts. U.S. Pat. No. 4,269,215 to Odar dated May 26, 1981, disclosed a vapor flow control valve. U.S. Pat. No. 3,1860,274 to Ledstrom, et al., dated Jan. 14, 1975 disclosed a pipe coupling. U.S. Pat. No. 4,222,593 to Lauffenburger disclosed a fluid conveying coupling with safety locking device. U.S. Pat. No. 8,123,256 to Hartman dated Feb. 28, 2012 disclosed a safety lock for a cam lock fitting. U.S. Pat. No. 7,147,004 to Hartman dated Dec. 12, 2006 disclosed a check valve for a cam lock fitting. U.S. Pat. No. 3,383,123 to Murray dated May 14, 1968 disclosed a line pressure responsive safety coupling. U.S. Pat. No. 5,338,069 dated Aug. 16, 1994 to McCarthy disclosed a positively locking quick release coupling. U.S. Pat. No. 8,632,103 dated Jan. 21, 2014 to Fahie, et al. disclosed a lock for cam and groove coupler. U.S. Pat. No. 3,124,374 dated Mar. 10, 1964 to Krapp disclosed a self venting separable coupling with lock. U.S. Pat. No. 5,295,717 dated Mar. 22, 1994 to Chen disclosed a tube connecting device that disclosed a lever latching mechanism. U.S. Pat. No. 5,435,604 dated Jul. 25, 2995 to Chen disclosed a tube connecting device that disclosed a lever latching mechanism. U.S. Pat. No. 8,083,265 dated Dec. 27, 2011 to Chen disclosed a tube connecting device that disclosed a lever latching mechanism.

While these devices related to cam lock fittings may be suitable for the purposes for which they were designed, they would not be as suitable for the purposes of the present invention, as hereinafter described. As will be shown by way of explanation and drawings, the present invention works in a novel manner and differently from the related art.

SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

The present invention discloses an improved cam lock fitting having cooperating ergonomically designed double cam levers having outer and inner portions so that when the outer cam levers are opened and the inner cam lever remain closed, the male and female portions of the cam lock fitting only slightly separate from each other allowing the operator to quickly reclose the cam lock fitting if the operator observes that the cam lock fitting still contains pressurized material. This is accomplished by providing a larger cam lobe on the outer cam lever and a fork shaped smaller cam lobe on the inner cam lever so that after the outer cam lever has been opened and the smaller cam lobe is in a closed position and protrudes into the peripheral groove on the male portion, the male and female ends have a small space therein between which allows the operator to visually observe any pressurized material so that the operator can quickly reclose the fitting. Also disclosed are embodiments which provide alternative lever latching mechanisms that must be unlatched before the cam levers can be opened thereby preventing the cam levers from being inadvertently opened. Alternative embodiments are also provided for the configuration of the cam portions relative to each other.

A major problem sought to be solved by the present invention occurs at the time an operator of a conventional prior art cam lock fitting undertakes the operation of opening the fitting; at that time, the operator may not know whether the contents of the conventional fitting are still under pressure, and if the contents are still under pressure the contents will spew out when the conventional fitting is opened possibly resulting in injury to the operator or an unwanted release of materials to the environment. The present invention solves this problem by allowing the improved cam lock fitting to be only partially opened by means of a safety lock feature which allows the improved fitting to be reclosed if the operator observes that the contents inside the improved fitting remain pressurized.

An object of the present invention is to provide a cam lock fitting having a pair of cooperating double cam lock levers thereon. A further object of the present invention is to provide a safety lock which can be easily operated by a user as a part of the normal operation of a cam lock fitting. A further object of the present invention is to provide a safety lock which will remain locked when the cam lock fitting is pressurized. A further object of the present invention is to provide a safety lock on a cam lock fitting which will prevent inadvertent pressurized discharges of environmentally damaging material from the cam lock fitting. A further object of the present invention is to provide a safety lock on a cam lock fitting which is simply constructed and which can be relatively inexpensively manufactured. A further object of the present invention is to provide a cam lock fitting having a pair of cooperating double cam lock levers having a lever latching mechanism thereon.

A major advantage of the preset invention is that the cam members are disposed substantially 180 degrees apart and therefore all forces related to associated stress or torque resulting from using the cam members are evenly distributed around a cam lock fitting designed according to the teachings of the present invention. Conventional cam lock fittings using side-by-side cam members would not be expected to exhibit this characteristic.

The foregoing and other objects and advantages will appear from the description to follow. In the description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments will be described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. In the accompanying drawings, like reference characters designate the same or similar parts throughout the several views.

The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is best defined by the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order that the invention may be more fully understood, it will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a prior art cam lock fitting.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the double cam lever of a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the double cam lever of a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 8-10 are sectional views of a first embodiment of the present invention with certain parts shown in perspective for ease of illustration.

FIGS. 11-13 are sectional views of a second embodiment of the present invention with certain parts shown in perspective for ease of illustration.

FIG. 14 is an end elevation view taken from the front of portions of a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is an end elevation view taken from the front of portions of a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a side elevation view of the double cam lever of a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a side elevation view of the double cam lever of a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a side elevation view of the double cam lever of an alternative embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a top view on the inner cam lever of a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is an exploded perspective view of a lever latching embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a lever latching embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of an alternative lever latching embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 23-24 are side elevation views of a lever latching embodiment of the present invention with certain parts shown cut-away for ease of illustration.

FIG. 25 is a top view of the double cam lever of an alternative embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 26 is an end elevation view of the double cam levers taken from the front of portions of an alternative embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is an end elevation view of the double cam levers taken from the front of portions of an alternative embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 28 is a top view of the double cam lever of an alternative embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 29 is a top view of the double cam lever of an alternative embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 30 is a side elevation view of the double cam lever of an alternative embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 31 is an exploded perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a lever latching mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 32 is a top view of an alternative embodiment of a lever latching mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 33 is a side elevation view of a plate of an alternative embodiment of a lever latching mechanism of the present invention.

FIGS. 34-35 are side elevation views of an alternative embodiment of a lever latching mechanism of the present invention with certain parts shown cut-away for ease of illustration.

FIG. 36 is an exploded perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a lever latching mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 37 is a top view of an alternative embodiment of a lever latching mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 38 is a side elevation view of a plate of an alternative embodiment of a lever latching mechanism of the present invention.

FIGS. 39-40 are side elevation views of an alternative embodiment of a lever latching mechanism of the present invention.

FIG. 41 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 42 is an exploded perspective view of a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 43 is a perspective view of the double cam lever of a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 44 is a perspective view of a lever latching embodiment of a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 45-47 are sectional views of a third embodiment of the present invention with certain parts shown in perspective for ease of illustration.

FIG. 48 is an end elevation view taken from the front of portions of a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 49 is a side elevation view of the double cam lever of a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 50 is a side elevation view of the double cam lever of a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 51 is an exploded perspective view of an alternative lever latching embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 52 is a perspective view of an alternative lever latching embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 53 is a top view of each lever of an alternative lever latching embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 54 is a top view of an alternative lever latching embodiment of the present invention showing the levers in an assembled disposition.

FIG. 55 is a side elevation view of an alternative lever latching embodiment of the present invention shown in a closed position with certain parts shown cut-away for ease of illustration.

FIG. 56 is a side elevation view of an alternative lever latching embodiment of the present invention shown in an open position with certain parts shown cut-away for ease of illustration.

REFERENCE NUMERALS

With regard to reference numerals used, the following numbering is used throughout the drawings.

-   -   10 prior art cam lock fitting     -   12 female end portion     -   14 male end portion     -   16 front end     -   18 hose     -   20 band clamp     -   22 rear end     -   24 cam lever/ear     -   26 lever portion     -   28 cam portion     -   30 groove     -   32 opening     -   34 wall of cam lock fitting     -   36 axle     -   38 flange     -   40 gasket     -   42 boss     -   44 boss     -   46 centerline     -   48 an alternative double lever cam lock     -   50 an alternative double lever cam lock     -   52 an alternative double lever cam lock     -   54 cam lock fitting     -   56 female end portion/conduit     -   58 male end portion/conduit     -   60 front end     -   62 outer cam lever/ear     -   64 inner cam lever/ear     -   66 lever portion     -   68 cam lobe portion     -   70 lever portion     -   72 cam lobe portion     -   74 axle     -   76 aperture of cam lobe     -   78 boss     -   79 sidewall     -   80 boss     -   81 sidewall     -   82 aperture of boss     -   83 cross member     -   84 rear end     -   86 groove     -   88 opening     -   90 axle     -   92 aperture     -   94 aperture     -   96 cam lobe portion     -   98 circular gasket/seal     -   100 inside     -   102 wall     -   104 flange     -   106 space     -   108 arrow     -   110 cutout/space     -   112 rear portion     -   113 lever latching mechanism or lock assembly     -   114 pull ring member     -   116 end of pin     -   118 pin     -   120 aperture of pin     -   122 housing for pin     -   124 tip end of pin     -   126 inclined surface of pin     -   128 retaining protrusion     -   129 latch body/retaining member     -   130 retaining protrusion     -   131 notch     -   132 spring biasing member     -   134 finger of user     -   136 space     -   138 alternative embodiment double lever cam lock     -   140 alternative embodiment double lever cam lock     -   142 larger cam member with larger arm     -   144 smaller cam member with smaller arm     -   146 cylindrical spacer     -   147 latch mechanism or lock assembly     -   148 latch lever/arm     -   150 pivot     -   152 spring biasing means     -   154 thumb grip     -   156 first catch for outer ear     -   158 second catch for inner ear     -   160 cam member     -   162 cam member     -   164 boss     -   166 mount     -   168 plate     -   170 aperture of plate     -   172 offset     -   174 front inner surface     -   176 rear inner surface     -   178 latch mechanism or lock assembly     -   180 latch member/clip     -   182 pivot     -   184 clamp portion     -   186 plate     -   188 slot for ring     -   190 length     -   192 width     -   194 shield/hand guard     -   196 collar bushing/bushing     -   198 spacer     -   200 rear lip of inner cam lever     -   202 aperture

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The following discussion describes in detail at least one embodiment of the invention. This discussion should not be construed, however, as limiting the invention to those particular embodiments since practitioners skilled in the art will recognize numerous other embodiments as well. For a definition of the complete scope of the invention, the reader is directed to the appended claims. FIGS. 1-56 illustrate the present invention wherein a cam lock fitting having a pair of double cam levers which cooperate to provide a safety locking mechanism is disclosed.

Turning to FIG. 1, therein is shown a prior art version of a conventional cam lock fitting generally indicated by reference number 10 having a female end coupling portion or conduit 12 and a male end coupling portion or conduit 14 each having a front end 16 which when joined together form a conduit through which fluid or the like will flow. A hose 18 having a band clamp 20 thereon is attached to a rear end 22 of each female 12 and male 14 portions; hose 18 ranges in size from about one inch to about 8 inches and are generally heavy for accommodating relatively high pressure. The female portion 12 has a pair of cam levers or ears 24 each having a lever portion 26 and a cam portion 28 thereon, which cam portion locks the female end 12 to the male end 14 by seating the cam portion 28 of the female portion within a peripheral groove 30 on an exterior of the male portion so that the two portions 12, 14 with hoses 18 are joined together to form a conduit so that materials can pass therethrough. The cam portion 28 projects through an opening 32 in the wall 34 near the front end 16 of the female portion 12 as the ears 24 pivot on axles 36. Direction arrows are used to show movement of ears 24 between a closed position lying substantially parallel to and adjacent the female portion 12 and an open position outwardly moved away from the female portion 12 so as to disengage the cam portion from groove 30. Also shown on the inside of the female portion 12 is annular flange 38 having a flexible circular gasket or O-ring seal 40 therein wherein the flange and gasket extend entirely around the internal periphery of the female portion for making sealing contact with the end 16 of the male end portion 14 in a conventional manner. The ears 24 are each mounted onto an axle 36 extending through first, left and second, right bosses 42, 44 disposed on opposite sides of the female coupling 12. Centerline 46 of cam lock fitting 10 is also shown. A major disadvantage of the prior art cam lock fitting 10 is that it is designed to be either completely closed or completely open and therefore offers no safety locking mechanism.

Turning to FIGS. 2-3 and FIG. 41, therein are shown three embodiments 48, 50, 52 of an improved cam lock fitting 54 of the present invention wherein FIG. 2 shows embodiment 48; FIG. 3 shows embodiment 50; and FIG. 41 shows embodiment 52. FIGS. 2-3 and FIG. 41 show a cam lock fitting 54 similar in some respects to the prior art cam lock fitting 10, shown in FIG. 1, but with important differences due to the embodiments 48, 50, 52 mounted thereon. Therein is shown a cam lock fitting 54 having a female end coupling portion or conduit 56 and a male end coupling portion or conduit 58 each having a front end 60 which when joined together form a conduit through which fluid or the like will flow. The present invention operates similarly to the prior art am lock fitting 10 shown in FIG. 1 except that there are a total of four cam levers (i.e., two pairs of double cam levers/ears) instead of two cam levers wherein the double cam levers cooperate with each other to provide a safety lock. Each of the cam lock fittings 54 shown in FIGS. 2-3 and FIG. 41 are similar to each other, however, different embodiments 48, 50, 52 of cam lock levers are mounted thereon.

Turning to FIG. 2, therein is shown the embodiment 48 having a pair of double cam levers or members 62, 64 mounted on opposite sides of the female end portion 56 wherein each pair has an outer cam lever 62 and an inner cam lever 64. Outer cam lever 62 has a lever portion 66 and an eccentric cam lobe portion 68, and, inner cam lever 64 also has a lever portion 70 and first and second eccentric cam lobe portion 72 wherein the first and second cam lobe portions form the two prongs of a fork shaped portion being spaced apart a distance thereby creating a cutout or space 110 sufficient to allow the cam lobe portion 68 to fit therein between the two prongs which causes the inner and outer cam levers 62, 64 to be disposed symmetrically about the female end portion 56 which assures smooth operation throughout the life span of a cam lock fitting 54 made according to the teachings of the present invention. The cam lobe portion 72 resembles a fork shape when viewed from the top (see FIG. 19) wherein the two similar first and second prongs/branches of the fork have cam lobe 68 disposed therein between in space 110; of course, the positions of the lobes 68, 72 could be reversed relative to each other wherein the larger lobe portion 68 could be manufactured as the forked portion 72 so that the smaller lobe portion would be disposed on the inside of the larger forked portion as shown in FIG. 18. The lever portion 66 of the outer cam ear 62 is larger, i.e., wider, than the lever portion 70 of the inner cam ear 64 so that it will be easier to grasp in the hands of an operator; also, the inner cam ear is not intended to be opened until after the outer cam ear is opened and having a wider outer ear helps accomplish this objective. A lever latching mechanism 113 for use with lever 62, 64 is described in FIGS. 20-24.

A single axle 74 passes through a substantially centrally disposed aperture 76 of cam lobe portion 68, 72 and the ends of the axle are carried on first and second bosses 78, 80 by passing through an aperture 82 of each boss. The male and female end portion 56, 58 each have a rear end portion 84 and the male end portion has an external peripheral groove 86 thereon. The female end portion 56 has openings 88 in the opposing walls thereof through which cam lobes 68, 72 pass. Cam lobe portion 68 of outer cam ear 62 is configured differently and may be larger than cam lobe portion 72 of inner cam ear 64, as best shown on FIGS. 8-10 and FIG. 16, so that when the outer and inner ears 62, 64 are closed the cam lobe portion 68 fits in or engages groove 86 so as to completely sealingly close or connect the male end portion 58 to the female end portion 56 because cam lobe 68 is substantially the same size and shape of the groove 86. This is due to cam lobe 68 being effectively configured, in size or shape, so as to engage groove 86 in such a way to cause the end 60 of male conduit 58 to move axially into a sealing position relative to the sealing gasket inside female conduit 56. In contrast, when the outer cam ear 62 with cam lobe 68 is opened and the smaller cam lobe 72 is unopened, the male end portion 58 becomes slightly loosened or separated from the female end portion 56 to allow a space to form between the front end 60 of the male end portion 58 and the female end portion 56 as best shown and explained relative to FIGS. 8-13, because smaller cam lobe 72 being smaller, i.e., being configured differently, than groove 86 doesn't completely fill groove 86 being loose fit thereby causing a slight space to form between front end 60 and the female end portion 56 as previously disclosed.

In summary of FIGS. 2-3 and FIG. 41, the female portion 56 has a pair of double cam levers or ears 48, each having an outer and inner lever portion 66, 70 and a cam portion 68, 72 thereon, which cam portion locks the female end 56 to the male end 58 by seating the cam portions 68, 72 of the female portion within a groove 86 on the male portion so that the two portions are joined together. The cam portions 62, 64 project through an opening 88 in the wall near the end 60 of the female portion 56 as the ears 62, 64 pivot on axle 74. Also included in the female portion 56 is a gasket or O-ring seal 98 therein wherein the gasket extends entirely around the internal periphery of the female portion for making sealing contact with the end 60 of the male end portion 58 in a conventional manner as shown in FIGS. 8-13 and 45-47. The ears 62, 64 are each mounted onto an axle 74 extending through a first and second boss 78, 80 mounted on opposite sides of female coupling 56. The inner and outer ears 62, 64 each move between a first downward closed position lying substantially parallel to and adjacent the female portion 56 to a second upward open position outwardly moved away from the female portion so as to disengage the cam portion 68, 72 from groove 86.

In order for an operator to open a cam lock fitting 54 designed according to the teachings of the present invention, the operator must first move the outer cam lever 62 from the first downward closed position to the second upward open position so that larger cam lobe 68 is moved away from groove 86 so as to partially open the cam lock fitting 54 so as to partially relieve internal pressure contained inside the cam lock fitting. If there is no pressure remaining in the cam lock fitting 54 the operator can continue with the next step of opening the second inner cam lever 64 to thereby separate the male and female conduit portions 58, 56 just as previously explained relative to embodiment 48 of FIG. 2. However, if there is still pressure inside the cam lock fitting 54 when the first outer cam lever 62 is opened, the operator will immediately reclose that first outer cam lever 62 so as to pull the male end portion 58 back into the locked position inside female end portion 56 so as to reclose and reseal the cam lock fitting. Pressure remaining inside cam lock fitting 54 could be indicated by the sound of escaping gas, a hissing sound, seepage, leaking or gurgling liquid or the like.

Turning to FIG. 3, therein is shown a view similar to FIG. 2 except that another embodiment 50 of the double cam lever is shown having double axles 74, 90. The female and male end portions 56, 58 are essentially the same as shown in FIG. 2 with the main difference being that inner cam ear 64 is mounted onto bosses 78, 80 using axle 90 in aperture 92 which axle 90 is offset from the center of lobe 72 toward the front end 60 of the female end portion 56 so as to be disposed toward the front ends of bosses 78, 80 in aperture 94 as best shown on FIGS. 6-7. Axle 90 and apertures 92,94 are co-aligned as shown in FIG. 6. In this configuration, while outer cam ear 62 pivots on substantially centrally disposed axle 74 on cam lobe 72, it is carried with and moves outwardly with inner cam ear 64 by having cam lobe portion 72 pivot on offset axle 90 which is better illustrated in FIGS. 6-7 and 11-13. The operation of embodiment 50 is similar to embodiment 48 and the steps of operation have been previously disclosed relative to embodiment 48 of FIG. 2.

Turning to FIGS. 4, 6, and 42 the three embodiments 48, 50, 52 of an improved cam lock fitting of the present invention are exploded away from a female end portion 56; wherein FIG. 4 shows embodiment 48, FIG. 6 shows embodiment 50, and FIG. 42 shows embodiment 52. Shown therein is the inside 100 of the female coupling 56 along with the alternative double cam levers 48, 50, 52 on opposite sides of the female end portion 56 showing the bosses 78, 80 on the female coupling 56. Note that the openings 88 are sized and shaped to accommodate movement of the cam lobes of the present invention. The bosses 78, 80 are attached onto the outside of the female coupling 56 in the conventional manner. Previously disclosed elements are also shown as were discussed relative to the respective embodiments 48, 50, 52 of FIGS. 2-3 and FIG. 41.

Turning to FIGS. 5, 7, and 43 an enlarged view of the cam portions of the three embodiments 48, 50, 52 are shown illustrating the features of the two embodiments as previously disclosed relative to the respective embodiments 48, 50, 52 of FIGS. 2-3 and FIG. 41. FIG. 5 shows single axle embodiment 48, FIG. 7 shows a double axle embodiment 50 and FIG. 43 shows embodiment 52. FIG. 43 also shows dimension lines for length 190 and width 192 on outer cam lever 62 and it is expected that the length and width of the outer cam lever 62 will be an effective amount greater than the length and width of the corresponding portions of inner cam lever 64 causing outer cam lever 62 to have a greater surface area than inner cam lever 64 to assist in preventing inner cam lever 64 from being inadvertently opened before outer cam lever 62 and to prevent cam levers 62, 64 from being inadvertently opened together and to insure that the fingers or hand of a user grasp outer cam lever 62 first to be sure it is opened prior to underlying inner cam lever 64. The neck area/portion of outer cam lever 62 may also be longer than the neck area/portion of the inner cam lever 64 as disclosed relative to other previously disclosed embodiments. Previously disclosed elements are also shown as were discussed relative to the respective embodiments 48, 50, 52 of FIGS. 2-3 and FIG. 41.

Turning to FIGS. 8-13 and FIG. 45-47, therein is shown the steps of operation of the three embodiments 48, 50, 52 of an improved cam lock fitting 54 designed according to the teachings of the present invention wherein FIGS. 8-10 shows embodiment 48, FIGS. 11-13 shows embodiment 50 and FIGS. 45-47 shows embodiment 52. For each embodiment 48, 50, 52 therein is shown the movement of the male end portion 58 relative to the female portion 56 as the cam lock fitting 54 of the present invention is being opened; the steps would be reversed for closure of the cam lock fitting. FIGS. 8, 11 and 45 show the male end portion 58 connected to and mated tightly to the female portion 56 as would be the condition when the cam lock fitting 54 is in a sealed position with double cam lever 62, 64 in a downward closed position so that the end 60 of the male end portion 58 is tightly sealingly engaged against the front side of circular gasket 98 of the female end portion 56 with the lobes 68, 72 or 96 in groove 86; also, the rear side of gasket 98 is tightly sealed against the front surface of the inner flange 104 of the female end portion 56.

In contrast, FIGS. 9, 12 and 46 shows the larger cam lobe of outer cam lever 62 in the open position and shows the smaller cam lobe 72, 96 of inner cam lever 64 remaining in the groove 86 and also shows the male end portion 58 with a small space 106 being defined in between its end 60 and the gasket 98 which would occur when the outer cam lever 62 is in an upward open position which would cause the ends 60 of female end portion 56 and male end portion 58 to slightly separate thereby allowing the release of pressure or a small amount of material as indicated by arrows 108 from the inside of the female portion 56 of the cam lock fitting 54. Arrows 108 illustrate material/fluid moving into space 106 and then out the fitting 54 by escaping between the male and female couplings 58, 56. FIGS. 10, 13 and 47 illustrate that the male end 58 can only be completely released from the female end 56 when the outer and inner cam levers 62, 64 are both moved to the open position and when this occurs, each of the lobes 68, 72, 96 become disengaged from groove 86 to allow the male 58 and female 56 end to be completely separated from each other. Previously disclosed elements may also be shown.

Turning to FIGS. 14-15 and 48, the three embodiments 48, 50, 52 of an improved cam lock fitting of the present invention are shown mounted on a female end portion 56 also showing portions of the male end portion 58 along with groove 86 in phantom line; wherein FIG. 14 shows embodiment 48, FIG. 15 shows embodiment 50 and FIG. 48 shows embodiment 52. Shown therein is the inside 100 of the female coupling 56 along with the alternative double cam levers 48, 50, 52 on one side only of the female end portion 56 showing the bosses 78, 80 on the female coupling 56. Note that the openings 88 are sized and shaped to accommodate movement of the cam lobes of the double levers of the present invention; also, it should be clear that the lobes and levers could have many shapes and thicknesses other than those which are illustrated so long as they are effectively sized and shaped to accomplish the teachings of the present invention all of which would be understood by one skilled in the art. The bosses 78, 80 are attached onto the outside of the female coupling 56 in the conventional manner. In FIG. 15, the axles 74, 90 lie in the same horizontal plane and therefore only the front axle 90 in aperture 92 is visible in this drawing. Previously disclosed elements may also be shown as were discussed relative to the respective embodiments 48, 50, 52 of FIGS. 2-3 and FIG. 41.

Turning to FIGS. 16-17 and FIG. 49, enlarged views of the alternative double cam levers/ears of the three embodiments 48, 50, 52 are shown illustrating the features of the three embodiments as previously disclosed relative to the respective embodiments 48, 50, 52 of FIGS. 2-3 and FIG. 41. FIG. 16 shows embodiment 48, FIG. 17 shows embodiment 50 and FIG. 49 shows embodiment 52. In FIGS. 16,17, cam lobe 68 of outer cam ear 62 is larger, i.e., having a larger radius on its rear peripheral portion 112 which is visible when closed, than cam lobe 72 of inner cam ear 64 as shown at 112. In FIG. 49 cam lobe 68 of outer cam ear 62 is larger than cam lobe 96 of inner cam ear 64. Regarding FIGS. 16-17 and FIG. 49, because cam portion 68 has a larger radius or enlargement on its rear portion 112 than cam portion 72, 96 as measured at its horizontal plane through its central axle, it therefore is configured to extend further to the rear and effectively and substantially fills or engages the complimentarily sized groove 86 causing a complete seal between the gasket 98 and the male end portion 58 in the closed position as shown in FIGS. 8, 11 and 45; however, after the outer cam lever/ear 68 has been opened and when the smaller cam lobe portion 72, 96 protrudes into groove 86 it doesn't completely fill the groove so the space 106 is formed as shown in FIGS. 9, 12 and 46 between the end 60 of the male end 58 and the gasket 98 of the female end portion 56. FIGS. 10, 13 and 47 show the female 56 and male 58 ends completely separated with cam lever/ears 62, 64 in the open position. Also, FIG. 16-17 and FIG. 49 show outer cam lever 62 overlying inner cam lever 64.

Turning to FIG. 18, therein is shown an alternative embodiment of the present invention showing the inner cam lever 64 being larger on its rear peripheral portion 112 than the outer cam lever 62. Previously disclosed elements are also shown. FIG. 25 shows a top view of the alternative embodiment of FIG. 18 showing the inner cam lever 64 being larger than the outer cam lever 62.

Turning to FIG. 19, therein is shown a top view of the inner cam lever 64 of the first embodiment of the present invention showing previously disclosed elements. Space/cutout 110 between the prongs of the forked ends of the cam lobe portions 72 is also shown. It can be seen that the cam lobe portions 72 form the prongs of the forked portion.

With reference to embodiments 48, 50 and 52, the cam members 62, 64 pivot substantially in a vertical plane passing through the centerline of the cam lock fitting/coupling 54 with the axles 74, 90 being substantially perpendicular to the centerline, and, the cam members are disposed on the bosses 78, 80 so that the cam lobes 68, 72, 96 and the axles will be properly operationally aligned with the groove 86 as required by each embodiment 48, 50, 52 all of which would be understood by one skilled in the art. The axles 74, 90 may be solid or hollow pins, roll pins or the like. Cam members 62, 64 are disposed substantially 180 degrees apart on opposite sides of the female conduit 56 and therefore all mechanical forces related to associated stresses or torque resulting from operation of the cam members are evenly distributed around the cam lock fitting 54. This will prevent warping of the elements of the present invention over time.

Turning to FIGS. 20-24, therein is shown an embodiment of the present invention 10 which provides an automatic lever latching mechanism disposed on levers 62, 64, generally indicated by reference numeral 113, so that when the levers 62, 64 are moved from an open position into a closed position they become automatically latched in the closed position so that before an operator opens the levers he will have to actuate a member or pull ring member 114 or the like in order to open the first and second levers 62, 64, or as shown in FIG. 22, he would use the or pull ring 114 to open only one lever which would have the lever latching mechanism or lock assembly 113 thereon. The lock assembly 113 would be in mechanical cooperation with the cam members 62, 64 to prevent the unintentional movement thereof. In either embodiment, the operator would have to operate a lever latching mechanism 113 before he could open the levers 62, 64 thereby preventing the cam levers from being inadvertently opened. Inner lever 64 is shorter than outer lever 62 for convenience and ease of operation by the operator/user although they may be of the same length. Previously disclosed elements are also shown as were discussed relative to the respective embodiments 48, 50 of FIGS. 2-3.

Continuing with FIGS. 20-24, therein is shown the present invention 10 having a pair of double cam levers 62, 64 mounted on opposite sides of the female end portion 56 wherein each pair has an outer cam lever 62 and an inner cam lever 64. Outer cam lever 62 has a lever portion 66 and an eccentric cam lobe portion 68, and, inner cam lever 64 also has a lever portion 70 and first and second eccentric cam lobe portions 72 wherein the first and second cam lobe portions are fork shaped and spaced apart a distance thereby creating a cutout 110 or space sufficient to allow the cam lobe portion 68 to fit therein between which causes the inner and outer cam levers 62, 64 to be disposed symmetrically about the female end portion 56 which assures smooth operation throughout the life span of a cam lock fitting 54 made according to the teachings of the present invention 10. FIGS. 20, 21, 23 and 24 discloses embodiment 48 which uses a single axle 74 whereas FIG. 22 discloses embodiment 50 which uses double axles 74 and 90.

Turning to FIG. 20, therein is shown the present invention 10 exploded away from the female end portion 56 and incorporates embodiment 48. Shown therein is the inside 100 of the female coupling 56 along with the double cam levers 48 on opposite sides of the female end portion 56 showing the bosses 78, 80 on the female coupling 56. Note that the openings 88 are sized and shaped to accommodate movement of the cam lobes of the present invention. The bosses 78, 80 are attached onto the outside of the female coupling 56 in the conventional manner. Male end portion 58 is also partially shown in phantom line. Previously disclosed elements are also shown as were discussed relative to the respective embodiments 48, 50 of FIGS. 2-3.

Also shown in FIG. 20, is a pull ring member 114 attached to an end 116 of a pin 118 wherein the pull ring passes through a slot or aperture 120 on an end of the pin which pin is slidably disposed in a housing 122 attached onto a side of lever 62, 64 so that each lever 62, 64 has a housing 122 and a pin 118 (pin 118 may be referred to as an engagement member in the claims) mounted thereon. Pull ring member 114 may be a multi-turn wire ring being useful for manipulating levers 62, 64. Note that the pin or engagement member 118 is mounted inside the housing 122 so as to be slidably disposed in the housing so that the pin slides along the longitudinal axis of the levers 62, 64. The pin 118 also has a second end or tip 124 having an inclined surface 126 thereon. The pin 118 extends along and is slidable along an axis of a respective lever 62, 64 so that when the levers 62, 64 are in a closed position the tip 124 of pin 118 latches underneath the rear portion of upper and lower corresponding retaining protrusions 128, 130 disposed on a rear portion of boss 78 as best seen in FIG. 23.

Continuing with FIGS. 20-24, when the respective members or pull ring members 114 of levers 62, 64 are pulled rearwardly toward end 84 of female conduit 56 in the direction along the axis of the pin 118, the pin 118 is moved in a bore within the housing 122 against the biasing member, being spring 132, as would be understood by one skilled in the art. In operation, when the levers 62, 64 are pivoted from the open position to the locking position the inclined surface 126 of the tip of the pin 124 of each pin 118 eventually abuts against the rear upper surface of retaining protrusion 128, 130 of the respective retaining protrusions so that the tip 124 of the pin moves downwardly across the surface of the respective retaining protrusions 128, 130 due to further pivoting movement of the corresponding lever 62, 64 so that the tip 124 of pin 118 becomes eventually positioned underneath the respective retaining protrusions 128, 130 as the pin tip 124 is forced to be extended from the housing 122 due to the action of the internal spring 132 shown on each lever 62, 64 as best seen in FIG. 23. In operation, when the operator desires to disengage or to open the levers 62, 64 and move them from a closed position to an open position the pull rings 114 are pulled toward the rear to retract the respective tips 124 of pins 118 in levers 62, 64 back into the housing 122 against the biasing action of the springs 132 so that the tips of pin 124 become disengaged from underneath the rear of the respective retraining protrusions 128, 130 so that the levers 62, 64 can then be pivoted upwardly to an unlocked position so that the couplings 56, 58 of the present invention 10 can be disengaged as best seen in FIG. 24. In this manner, the male coupling 58 and female coupling 56 can become separated or disconnected, all of which would be understood by one skilled in the art.

Turning to FIG. 21, therein is shown the embodiment 48 which has been previously disclosed in relation to FIG. 5 of the present invention 10 shown in combination with the previously disclosed lever latching mechanism 113.

Turning to FIG. 22, therein is shown the embodiment 50 which has been previously disclosed in relation to FIG. 7 of the present invention 10 shown in combination with the previously disclosed lever latching mechanism 113.

Turning to FIGS. 22-24, therein are shown partially cut-away side views of the present invention 10 showing pull rings 114 disposed on respective levers 62, 64 being attached through an aperture 120 in the end of respective pins 118 also showing the housing 122 along with the biasing spring 132, or the like, wherein the tips 124 of the pin are shown along with the inclined surface 126 and respective retaining protrusions 128, 130 disposed on boss 78. FIG. 23 shows the levers 62, 64 in a closed position similar to FIG. 8, and, FIG. 24 shows the levers 62, 64 in an open position similar to FIG. 10 wherein the pull rings 114 of the levers 62, 64 have been operated and moved by a finger 134 of an operator/user so that the tips of the pin 124 are no longer captured underneath the corresponding retaining protrusions 128, 130 of the bosses 78. Inner lever 64 is shorter than outer lever 62 for convenience and ease of operation by the operator/user. Levers 62, 64 are configured so that the tip 124 of lever 64 mates with the retaining protrusion 130 and the tip 124 of lever 62 mates with retaining protrusion 128. Direction arrows are shown in certain figures to indicate movement of the elements.

Turning to FIG. 25, therein is shown a top view of the alternative embodiment showing the inner cam lever 64 being larger than the outer cam lever 62 as was previously disclosed with respect to FIG. 18. It can be seen that inner arm 64 is configured, sized and shaped so that it can be moved from the closed position to the open position without touching or interference from the outer arm 62. This is accomplished by providing a space 136 between inner arm 64 and outer arm 62 which allows inner arm 64 to substantially surround outer arm 62 so that the inner arm can be operated without moving the outer arm. It can be seen that the longitudinal central axis of the outer and inner cam levers 62, 64 are substantially co-aligned so that the axis of the outer lever is directly above the axis of the inner lever.

Turning to FIGS. 26, 28 and 30, therein is shown an alternative embodiment 138 of an improved cam lock fitting of the present invention shown mounted on a female end portion 56. Shown therein is the inside 100 of the female coupling 56 along with the double cam levers 142, 144 mounted on an axle 74 in a side-by-side relationship which axle is also mounted on the bosses 78, 80 of the female coupling 56. Note that the openings 88 are sized and shaped to accommodate movement of the cam lobes 68, 72 of the double levers 142, 144 of the present invention; also, it should be clear that the lobes and levers could have many shapes and thicknesses other than those which are illustrated so long as they are effectively sized and shaped to accomplish the teachings of the present invention all of which would be understood by one skilled in the art. The bosses 78, 80 are attached onto the outside of the female coupling 56 in the conventional manner. It is expected that cam lever 142 would have the larger cam lobe 68 thereon relative to the cam lobe 72 but one skilled in the art would understand that these could be reversed. Alternative embodiment 138 shows a cam member 144 disposed adjacent a first boss 80, wherein a spacer 146 is disposed on the axle 74 adjacent the second boss 78, wherein the first cam member 142 is disposed between the other cam member 144 and the spacer 146. FIG. 28 shows the ear or arm portion 66 of lever 142 being larger and disposed over ear portion 144 so that the ear or arm portion 66 of lever 142 is outside relative to ear portion 70 of lever 144 as best shown in FIG. 30. Thus, lever¹⁴² may be referred to as an outer lever and lever 144 as an inner lever. In order to accomplish this the neck area or portion between the cam lobe portion and the arm/lever portion of the outer lever may be shaped differently and be longer to extend further away from or be more vertically angled relative to housing 56 and some experimentation may be necessary to find the optimum shape, length or angle for the neck areas. The lever arm portion 66 of the outer cam ear 142 is larger, i.e., wider, than the lever portion 70 of the inner cam ear 144 so that it will be easier to grasp in the hands of an operator, also, the inner cam ear is not intended to be opened until after the outer cam ear is opened and having a wider outer ear helps accomplish this objective. A cylindrical spacer 146 is also shown mounted on the axle so as to cause the larger cam lever 142 to be precisely aligned with its corresponding larger cam lever 142 mounted on the opposite side of the female coupling 56 so as to balance all structural torques and forces so as to prevent warping of the housing 56 or axle 74 which may occur with conventional designs over a period of time. FIG. 30 shows an optional latch mechanism or lock assembly 147 useful for embodiment 138 including a latch arm or lever 148 which moves on a pivot 150 disposed on a pair of mounts 166 which lever is biased closed by spring 152. Also shown is thumb grip 154 to allow a user to actuate the lever 148 along with a first catch 156 for the larger ear 142 and a second catch 158 for smaller ear 144. In operation, the latch arm or lever arm 148 must be moved from the closed position to an open position before the cam levers 142, 144 can be operated. Previously disclosed elements may also be shown.

Turning to FIGS. 27 and 29, therein is shown an alternative embodiment 140 of an improved cam lock fitting of the present invention shown mounted on a female end portion 56. Shown therein is the inside 100 of the female coupling 56 along with the double cam levers 160, 162 mounted on an axle 74 in a side-by-side relationship which axle is also mounted on the bosses 78, 80, and 164 of the female coupling 56. Note that the openings 88 are sized and shaped to accommodate movement of the cam lobes 68, 72 of the double levers 160, 162 of the present invention; also, it should be clear that the lobes and levers could have many shapes and thicknesses other than those which are illustrated so long as they are effectively sized and shaped to accomplish the teachings of the present invention all of which would be understood by one skilled in the art. The bosses 78, 80, and 164 are attached onto the outside of the female coupling 56 in the conventional manner. It is expected that cam lever 160 would have the larger cam lobe 68 thereon relative to the cam lobe 72 but one skilled in the art would understand that these could be reversed. FIG. 29 shows the ear or arm portion 66, 70 disposed in a side-by-side relationship with cam member 160 disposed between boss 80 and boss 164 and cam member 162 disposed between boss 78 and boss 164. The cam member 160, 162 are precisely aligned with its corresponding cam member on the opposite side of the female coupling 56 so as to balance all structural torques and forces so as to prevent warping of the housing 56 or axle 74 which may occur with conventional designs over a period of time. Having the third boss 164 assures that all structural torques and forces are balanced so as to prevent warping of the housing 56 or axle 74. FIG. 30 shows an optional latch mechanism 147 useful for embodiment 140 including a latch arm or lever 148 which moves on a pivot 150 which pivot is biased closed by spring 152. Also shown is thumb grip 154 to allow a user to actuate the lever 148 along with a first catch 156 or catch 158. In operation, the latch lever arm 148 must be moved from the closed position to an open position before the cam levers 160, 162 can be operated. Alternatively, the latch mechanism 113 disclosed in FIGS. 20-24 could be easily adapted for use with cam members 160, 162. Previously disclosed elements may also be shown.

Turning to FIGS. 31-35, therein is shown an alternative embodiment of the present invention 10 which is similar in operation to the embodiment previously disclosed relative to FIGS. 20-24 except that instead of the retaining protrusions 128, 130 being disposed on a rear portion of boss 78 they are disposed on a rear portion of a separate latch plate 168 which plate is mounted beside or adjacent the boss 78 in the vertical plane so as to be disposed between the nearer cam lobe portion 72 of cam lever 64 and boss 78 and being carried on axle 74 which axle passes through aperture 170 of the plate 168. Plate 168 has an offset 172 so as to align protrusions 128, 130 with tip 124 of pin 118 so as to avoid boss 78 as best seen in FIGS. 31 and 33. Plate 168 is prevented from rotating about axle 74 in the vertical plane by having its front and rear inner surfaces 174, 176, respectively, contact the outer surface of wall 102 of female end portion/conduit 56 which wall 102 serves as a stop as best seen in FIG. 35. Plate 168 is relatively thin and could be made of many types of material so as to be strong, durable and lightweight such as aluminum, steel, stainless steel or the like. Also shown on FIG. 31 is arm 62 having a conventional round pull ring member 114 made of multi-strands of wire and which is commonly used. FIG. 32 shows outer handle 62 overlying inner handle 64 and having a greater surface area. Previously disclosed elements are also shown.

Turning to FIGS. 36-40, therein is shown an alternative embodiment of the present invention 10 which is similar in operation to the embodiment previously disclosed relative to FIGS. 31-35 except that instead of the two retaining protrusions 128, 130 being disposed on a rear portion of separate latch plate 168, the plate 186 has only one retaining protrusion 130 disposed thereon. The purpose of this embodiment is to reduce the weight and costs of manufacturing the present invention 10. Furthermore, outer cam lever 62 has no housing 122 or pin 118 on its side but instead uses an optional latch mechanism or lock assembly 178 including a latch arm, clip or member 180 which member has one end which moves on a pivot 182 disposed on a rear portion of outer cam lever 62 and a second end having a spring steel portion forming a clamping portion or clamp 184 for frictionally engaging or mating with an inner surface of inner cam lever 64 so that that outer cam lever 62 is clamped/latched to inner cam lever 64 by using latch mechanism 178. Also see that housing 122 and pin 118 are shortened on inner cam lever 64. In operation, the latch member or clip 180 must be swung or moved from the closed position to an open position before the cam lever 62 can be released from cam lever 64 and thereby operated and opened as best seen in FIGS. 39-40. One skilled in the art would also understand that the latch mechanism or lock assembly 147 shown relative to FIGS. 28 and 30 could be adapted for use instead of latch mechanism or lock assembly 178 with this alternative embodiment shown relative to FIGS. 36-40 which would allow the latch mechanism 178 to be removed from these embodiments. Previously disclosed elements are also shown.

Turning to FIG. 41, therein is shown a view similar to FIG. 2 except that another embodiment 52 is shown. The female and male end portions 56, 58 are essentially the same with the main difference being that inner cam ear 64 has only a single cam lobe portion 96 that lies in a side by side relationship relative to cam lobe portion 68 of the outer cam ear 62 wherein the cam lobe portions 68, 96 are mounted on and spaced along a single, substantially centrally disposed axle 74 which axle 74 is mounted on bosses 78, 80 so that the cam lobes 68, 96 can pass through opening 88 so as to contact groove 86 on the male end portion 58. The operation of embodiment 52 is similar to embodiment 48 and the steps of operation have been previously disclosed relative to embodiment 48 of FIG. 2 in that outer lever 62 is mounted generally in overlying relation outside inner lever 64 and must be opened first before inner lever 64 is opened because inner lever 64 is mounted generally underneath so as to be in underlying relation to outer lever 62, thus, the longitudinal centerline of outer lever 62 is farther away toward the outside from the centerline 46 of female coupling 56 than the longitudinal centerline of inner lever 64. The cam lobe portions 68, 96 are mounted so that a face of one is contiguous with a face of the other.

Turning to FIG. 44, therein is shown embodiment 52 as previous discussed showing embodiment 52 having similar elements as previously discussed relative to embodiment 48 of FIG. 21. Also shown is a horizontal slot 188 provided across the entire width of the end of cam levers 62, 64 for forming a receptacle for receiving a portion of ring member 114 therein for securing the ring member to prevent it from flopping around loose and becoming possibly tangled with other equipment and also to maintain the angled surfaces 126 of pin tips 124 in a proper downward disposition so as to properly and easily contact the retaining protrusions 128, 130 (not shown, see FIGS. 23, 24). The slots 188 could be used with any of the embodiments related to the present invention including embodiments 48, 50. The lever latching mechanism or lock assembly 113 assist in preventing inner cam lever 64 from being inadvertently opened before outer cam lever 62 and to prevent cam levers 62, 64 from being inadvertently opened together.

Turning to FIG. 50, therein is shown embodiment 52 as previous discussed showing embodiment 52 having similar elements as previously discussed relative to FIG. 49 and additionally having a downwardly disposed hand guard, elbow or shield 194 on the end of outer cam lever 62 to assist in preventing inner cam lever 64 from being inadvertently opened before outer cam lever 62 and to prevent cam levers 62, 64 from being inadvertently opened together. Hand guard 194 is intended to insure that the fingers or hand of a user grasp outer cam lever 62 first to be sure it is opened prior to grasping inner cam lever 64.

Turning to FIGS. 51 to 56, therein is shown a preferred alternative embodiment of the present invention 10 similar to that which was shown in FIGS. 41-50 with the main differences being that the pin housings 122 are mounted on the inner side, underside or inside of the levers 62 and 64, i.e., on the side of the levers oriented toward the housing 56 as plainly shown in FIGS. 45, 46, and, the retaining protrusion 128 is mounted on a latch body 129 as opposed to a boss 78, 80. This configuration allows the pins 118, springs 132, and pin housing 122 to be similarly sized so as to reduce costs associated with manufacturing the present invention 10. Also, no more than one cam lobe portion 68, 96 is shown on each lever 62, 64. A person skilled in the art would understand how the embodiment shown in FIGS. 51 to 56 can be used according to the teachings of the present invention 10 as has been previously taught in this specification.

Also shown in FIG. 51 is latch body/retaining member 129 mounted onto the outer surface of the female coupling 56 proximate to inner lever 64 having a retaining protrusion 128 thereon along with a notch 131 for receiving the tip 124 of pin 118 of the inner cam lever 64 when in the closed or locked position. An isolated detail view also shows an alternative design for the retaining member/latch body 129 which includes an aperture 202 for receiving the tip of pin 124 of the inner cam lever 64 when in the locked position. Previously disclosed elements are also shown. Also shown is an isolated detail view showing an alternative design for the latch body/retaining member 129, which serves the same purpose as the previously disclosed latch body/retaining members 129, including opposing sidewalls 79, 81 which are formed by a rearward extension from bosses 78, 80, respectively, for supporting a cross member 83 which extends between the rearwardly extending sidewalls 79, 81 to provide a structure for supporting an aperture 194 for receiving the tip 124 of pin 118 as previously taught and disclosed herein. Furthermore, an alternative design to the aperture 194 would be to simply put a notch similar to the notch 131 of retaining protrusion 128 so that the notch could be used in place of the aperture 194. Also note, that arm 62 has a round pull ring member 114 thereon similar to that disclosed relative to FIG. 31.

FIG. 52 shows elements similar to those previously disclosed relative to FIGS. 21,44 and 51.

Turning to FIG. 53, therein are shown previously disclosed elements. Also disclosed are collar bushings, or bushing, 196 disposed on each end of the bore of the pin housing 122 of the levers 62, 64 which bushings carry the pin 118 to allow it to smoothly slide back and forth in the bore of each of the pin housings 122. Rear bushing 196 is press fit to the inside of the bore and the front bushing is press fit to, or made as a part of, the pin 118 and slides in the bore along with the pin 118 to assure smooth operation. Note that arm 62 of FIG. 53 has a pull ring member 114 which is made in the shape of a conventional metal spring clip hook which is commonly used on a lanyard or key chain. Note that arm 64 of FIG. 53 has a pull ring member 114 which is made in the shape of a paperclip having straight sides and rounded ends. Obviously, there are other shapes of pull ring members 114 which could be used with the present invention 10.

Turning to FIG. 54, therein is shown a assembled view of the levers 62, 64 similar to FIG. 53 illustrating that the levers 62, 64 are substantially axially aligned to prevent unintentional movement of the levers 62, 64 from the closed position to the open position as previously disclosed. Note that arm 62 of FIG. 54 has a pull ring member 114 having a diameter relatively larger than the pull ring member 114 of arm 64 disposed underneath wherein the diameter of pull ring member 114 of arm 62 is substantially wider being approximately two times as large as the width of arm 62. However, the width of pull ring member 114 on arm 64 disposed underneath arm 64 has a width approximately the same as, being slightly more or less, than arm 64 which makes it very difficult for a user to open the inner arm 64 and outer arm 62 at the same time but instead assures that the outer arm 62 will be opened before the inner arm 64 due to the fact that when arms 62, 64 are in the closed position, the user's fingers 134 grasp the pull ring member 114 of the outer arm 62 first. After the outer arm 62 is opened, then the fingers 134 of the user can easily grasp the pull ring member 114 of the inner arm 64 to open arm 64.

It should be clear that the pull ring member 114 can be made in various shapes, including round (see FIGS. 31 and 51, arm 62, pull ring member 114), a clip (see FIG. 53, arm 62, pull ring member 114), a paperclip having straight sides and rounded ends (see FIG. 53, arm 64, pull ring member 114) and, being rounded on one end and squared on the other (see FIG. 51, arm 64, pull ring member 114). The various shapes and sizes of the pull ring member 114 provide a unique and novel ergonomic feature to the present invention which has heretofore not been used in this field of art of cam lock fittings but which provide a major advantage of the present invention over the prior art. In short, when viewed from above or from a top view, the present invention has an inner arm 64 pull ring member 114 which has a narrow profile (i.e., a smaller width or diameter) relative to the outer arm 62 pull ring member 114 which has a larger diameter pull ring member 114 thereon, so that relatively speaking the outer arm 62 has a much wider profile than the inner arm 64 to ensure that the outer arm 62 is opened before inner arm 64. From an ergonomic viewpoint, the present invention 10 accomplishes this by making it more difficult to grip the inner pull ring member 114 on inner arm 64 relative to the pull ring member 114 of outer arm 62.

Experimentation has shown that the ergonomic design of the arms 62, 64 of the present invention 10 encourages the user to consciously visually look at the fitting/arms to separate/uncouple the female end 56 of the fitting as opposed to the prior art which can simply be opened by feel without looking at the fitting, thereby leading to the user becoming careless in the operation of prior art fittings which can lead to accidents and spills. The present invention 10 thereby creates a safer working environment for the operator as opposed to the prior art.

Turning to FIG. 55, therein are shown previously disclosed elements. Also shown is the manner in which the pin 118 of outer lever 62 connects to the rear lip 200 of inner cam lever 64 when the levers 62, 64 are in the closed position. It should be clear that the inclined surface 126 of pin 118 of the outer lever 62 slides over and is secured to the bottom surface of the inner surface of the rear lip 200 of inner cam lever 64 while at the same time the tip 124 of pin 118 of the inner cam lever 64 connects to and is secured to the notch 131 in the latch body 129 by passing over the retaining protrusion 128 so as to securely lock levers 62, 64 to the female conduit 56. The pins 118 of the inner and outer levers 62, 64 are each shown in locking position. The rings 114 of the levers 62, 64 are prevented from rotating so as to disorient the inclined surfaces of pins 118 relative to protrusion 128 by being placed in close proximity to the underside of the levers 62, 64. Also shown is an optional protrusion or spacer 198 placed underneath the inner lever 64 which may be used to space the inner lever 64 apart from the outer surface of the female conduit 56.

Turning to FIG. 56, therein are shown previously disclosed elements while also showing how a finger of a user 134 or a thumb and index finger can be used to grasp the pull ring member 114 and pull it to the rear so as to open the levers 62, 64 and to move them from the closed (locked) position as shown in FIG. 45 to the open (unlocked) position as shown in FIG. 46. It would also be understood by one skilled in the art, that the pull ring 114 of the inner lever 64 cannot be grasped by a finger 134 and opened, prior to the pull ring 114 of the outer lever 62 being grasped to thereby first open the outer lever 62 because the pull ring 114 of the inner lever 64 is underneath the outer lever 62 and cannot be easily grasped. This is so because the centerlines, or longitudinal axes, of the levers 62, 64 are positioned so as to be over/under each other or inside/outside each other and may be spoken of as being in aligned relation. Also illustrated in FIGS. 55-56 is an enlargement on the rear portion of cam lobe 68 as previously disclosed.

By way of additional summary and with reference to FIGS. 1-56, the present invention may be described as a cam lock fitting 54, a) having a male conduit 58 having an end 60 thereon and an external peripheral groove 86 adjacent the end, b) having a female conduit 56 for receiving the male conduit and having a pair of opposed side openings 88 opposite the external peripheral groove, c) sealing at 98 between the end of the male conduit and the female conduit, d) having a first and second pair of cam members, each pair having first (outer) 62 and second (inner) 64 cam members so that there are a total of four cam members, a pair, i.e., two, of the cam members being pivotally disposed on opposite sides of the female conduit, each cam member having a lever portion 66, 70, which includes what may be referred to in the claims as a lever arm for actuation thereof by an operator which identifies a part of the lever portion 66, 70 that an operator would actually grasp with a hand or finger, lying adjacent the female conduit and a cam portion 68, 72 with a larger or more effectively sized or shaped cam portion on the first (outer) cam member 62, wherein the cam portions pass through the side openings and engage the external peripheral groove when the lever portion lies adjacent the female conduit in a first, closed position (see FIGS. 8 and 11), each lever portion being outwardly moveable away from the female conduit to a second, open position to disengage the cam portions from the external peripheral groove (see FIGS. 10 and 13), e) the male and female conduits being connected thereby preventing leakage thereinbetween when each of the lever portions are in the first position (see FIGS. 8 and 11); and, f) the male and female conduits being slightly separated, i.e., are loose fit, thereby allowing leakage thereinbetween when the lever portions of the first cam members are in the second position and the lever portions of the second cam members are in the first position (see FIGS. 9 and 12), wherein if leakage is observed by an operator the lever portions of the first cam members are moved back to the first position to permit the male and female conduits to be reconnected.

Further, wherein the cam portions of the second cam members may be forked (see FIG. 19), the forks having a space 110 thereinbetween, wherein the cam portions of the first cam members are pivotally disposed in a respective space wherein the first and second cam members pivot on a first axle 74, or, wherein the first cam members pivot on a first axle 74 and the second cam members pivot on a second axle 90. In an alternative embodiment, the inner cam lever 64 is larger than the outer cam lever 62. In alternative embodiment 52, the cam lobes 68, 96 are disposed in a side-by-side relation (see FIG. 48) while other elements remain generally the same. Also having a latching mechanism or lock assembly 113 having retaining protrusions 128, 130 mounted adjacent each of the side openings and a pin housing 122 attached to each lever portion of each cam member, a spring 132 loaded pin or engagement member 118 within each pin housing which urges a distal end 124 of the pin into engagement or mechanical cooperation with one of the retaining protrusions to prevent each of the lever portions from being unintentionally moved from the closed position to the open position, and a pull member or member usable by an operator 114, or the like, in mechanical cooperation with or attached to a proximal end 116 of the pins to allow an operator to withdraw the pin from engagement or mechanical cooperation with a retaining protrusion allowing each lever portion to be moved from the closed position to the open position.

Alternative embodiment 138 shows a cam member 144 disposed adjacent a first boss 80, wherein a spacer 146 is disposed on the axle 74 adjacent the second boss 78, wherein the first cam member 142 is disposed between the other cam member 144 and the spacer 146. Alternative embodiment 140 shows the first cam member 160 disposed between the first 80 and second boss 154, wherein the second cam member 162 is disposed between said second 154 and third boss 78. A latch mechanism or lock assembly 147 could be used with embodiment 138 or 140. Additional alternative embodiments are shown in FIGS. 31-35 wherein plate 168 is used for latching outer cam lever 62 and inner cam lever 64 to female end portion 56 and in FIGS. 36-40 wherein plate 186 replaces plate 168 and latch mechanism or lock assembly 178 is used to latch outer arm 62 to inner arm 64. An additional alternative embodiment is shown in FIGS. 51-56 where therein is shown a preferred alternative embodiment of the present invention 10 similar to that which was shown in FIGS. 41-50 with the main differences being that the pin housings 122 are mounted on the inner side, underside or inside of the levers 62 and 64, i.e., on the side of the levers oriented toward the housing 56 as plainly shown in FIGS. 55, 56, and, the retaining protrusion 128 is mounted on a latch body 129 as opposed to a boss 78, 80. Lever 62 of FIG. 54 has a pull ring member 114 having a diameter relatively larger than the pull ring member 114 of arm 64 disposed underneath wherein the diameter of pull ring member 114 of lever 62 is substantially wider making it more difficult to grip the inner pull ring member 114 on inner arm 64 relative to the pull ring member 114 of outer arm 62. 

I claim:
 1. An ergonomic cam lock fitting, comprising: a) a male and a female conduit, said male and female conduits adapted for being connected to each other, said male conduit having an end thereon and an external peripheral groove adjacent said end, said female conduit having an end thereon and an internal seal disposed therein adjacent said end, wherein said end of said male conduit contacts said seal of said female conduit thereby preventing leakage when said male and female conduits are connected to each other; b) a first and a second pair of cam members, each pair having first and second cam members, a pair of said cam members being pivotally disposed on opposite sides of said female conduit, each said cam member having a lever portion and a cam portion, wherein each said cam portion is adapted to pivot through an opening in a wall of said female conduit and into said external peripheral groove so as to removably join said male conduit to said female conduit, wherein each said cam member has a closed position when said male and female conduits are connected to each other and an open position when said male and female conduits are disconnected from each other; c) each said second cam member having an inner lever portion and each said first cam member having an outer lever portion, wherein said inner lever portion and said outer lever portion are substantially axially aligned; d) a first pull ring member disposed on said outer lever portion and a second pull ring member disposed on said inner lever portion for moving said first and second cam members from said closed position to said open position, wherein said first pull ring member is larger than said second pull ring member as would be seen in a top view so that said inner lever portion is more difficult to open than said outer lever portion; e) wherein one said cam portion is disposed on said first and second cam member, said one said cam portions of said first and second cam members being disposed in side-by-side relation so that a face of said one said cam portion of said first cam member is contiguous with a face of said one said cam portion of said second cam member; and f) wherein when each said cam member is in said closed position, said inner lever portion is configured to mechanically cooperate with a retaining member disposed on said female conduit and said outer lever portion is configured to mechanically cooperate with said inner lever portion to prevent unintentional movement of each said cam member from said closed position to said open position.
 2. The cam lock fitting of claim 1, further comprising a pin disposed on each said lever portion of said first and second cam members, each said pin being biased for urging said pin into a locking position to prevent the unintentional movement of said first and second cam members from said closed position to said open position.
 3. The cam lock fitting of claim 2, wherein said pin on each said inner lever portion engages said retaining member and said pin on each said outer lever portion engages a rear end of said inner lever portion to prevent the unintentional movement of said first and second cam members from said closed position to said open position.
 4. The cam lock fitting of claim 3, further comprising a housing for containing said pin disposed on an underside of each said lever portion, each said housing having a bore therein wherein said pin slides in said bore.
 5. The cam lock fitting of claim 4, further comprising a pull ring actuatable by an operator and mechanically cooperating with said pin to allow an operator to move said pin for moving said first and second cam members from said closed position to said open position.
 6. A method for assembling an ergonomic cam lock fitting, comprising the steps of: a) providing a male and a female conduit adapted for connection to each other, the male conduit having an end thereon and an external peripheral groove adjacent the end, the female conduit having an end thereon and an internal seal disposed therein adjacent the end, wherein the end of the male conduit contacts the seal of the female conduit thereby preventing leakage when the male and female conduits are connected to each other; b) providing a first and a second pair of cam members, each pair having first and second cam members, disposing a pair of the pivoting cam members on opposite sides of the female conduit, each cam member having a lever portion and a cam portion, wherein each cam portion is adapted to pivot through an opening in a wall of the female conduit and into the external peripheral groove so as to removably join the male conduit to the female conduit, wherein each cam member has a closed position when the male and female conduits are connected to each other and an open position when the male and female conduits are disconnected from each other; c) providing an inner lever portion on each second cam member and an outer lever portion on each first cam member, and substantially aligning the axes of the inner and outer lever portions; d) providing a first pull ring member on each outer lever portion and a second pull ring member on each inner lever portion for moving the first and second cam members from the closed position to the open position, wherein the first pull ring member is larger than the second pull ring member as would be seen in a top view so that the inner lever portion is more difficult to open than the outer lever portion; e) providing one cam portion on the first and second cam member so that the one cam portion of the first and second cam members are disposed in side-by-side relation so that a face of the one cam portion of the first cam member is contiguous with a face of the one cam portion of the second cam member; and f) configuring the inner lever portion to mechanically cooperate with a retaining member provided on the female conduit and configuring the outer lever portion to mechanically cooperate with the inner lever portion when the first and second cam members are in the closed position to prevent unintentional movement of the first and second cam members from the closed position to the open position.
 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising the step of providing a pin on each lever portion of the first and second cam members, each pin being biased for urging the pin into locking position to prevent the unintentional movement of the first and second cam members from the closed position to the open position.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the pin on each inner lever portion engages the retaining member and the pin on each outer lever portion engages a rear end of the inner lever portion to prevent the unintentional movement of the first and second cam members from the closed position to the open position.
 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising the step of providing a housing on an underside of each lever portion for containing the pin, each housing having a bore therein wherein the pin slides in the bore.
 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising the step of providing a pull ring actuatable by an operator and mechanically cooperating with the pin to allow an operator to move the pin for moving the first and second cam members from the closed position to the open position.
 11. An ergonomic cam lock fitting, comprising: a) a male conduit having an end thereon and an external peripheral groove adjacent said end; b) a female conduit adapted for connection to said male conduit and having a pair of opposed side openings disposed opposite said external peripheral groove when said male and female conduits are connected to each other; c) a seal for sealing between said male conduit and said female conduit; d) a first and second pair of cam members, each pair having first and second cam members, a pair of said cam members being pivotally disposed on opposite sides of said female conduit, each said cam member having a lever portion and a cam portion, wherein said cam portions pass through said side openings and engage said external peripheral groove when said lever portions lie adjacent said female conduit in a closed position, each lever portion being outwardly moveable away from said female conduit to an open position to disengage said cam portions from said external peripheral groove; e) each said second cam member having an inner lever portion and each said first cam member having an outer lever portion, wherein said inner lever portion and said outer lever portion are substantially axially aligned; f) a first pull ring member disposed on said outer lever portion and a second pull ring member disposed on said inner lever portion for moving said first and second cam members from said closed position to said open position, wherein said first pull ring member is larger than said second pull ring member as would be seen in a top view so that said inner lever portion is more difficult to open than said outer lever portion; g) wherein one said cam portion is disposed on said first and second cam member, said one said cam portions of said first and second cam members being disposed in side-by-side relation so that a face of said one said cam portion of said first cam member is contiguous with a face of said one said cam portion of said second cam member; and h) wherein when each said cam member is in said closed position, said inner lever portion is configured to mechanically cooperate with a retaining member disposed on said female conduit and said outer lever portion is configured to mechanically cooperate with said inner lever portion to prevent unintentional movement of each said cam member from said closed position to said open position.
 12. The cam lock fitting of claim 11, further comprising a pin disposed on each said lever portion of said first and second cam members, each said pin being biased for urging said pin into a locking position to prevent the unintentional movement of said first and second cam members from said closed position to said open position.
 13. The cam lock fitting of claim 12, wherein said pin on each said inner lever portion engages said retaining member and said pin on each said outer lever portion engages a rear end of said inner lever portion to prevent the unintentional movement of said first and second cam members from said closed position to said open position.
 14. The cam lock fitting of claim 13, further comprising a housing for containing said pin disposed on an underside of each said lever portion, each said housing having a bore therein wherein said pin slides in said bore.
 15. The cam lock fitting of claim 14, further comprising a pull ring actuatable by an operator and mechanically cooperating with said pin to allow an operator to move said pin for moving said first and second cam members from said closed position to said open position.
 16. A method for an ergonomic cam lock fitting, comprising the steps of: a) providing a male conduit having an end thereon and an external peripheral groove adjacent the end; b) providing a female conduit for receiving the male conduit and having a pair of opposed side openings disposed opposite the external peripheral groove when the male and female conduits are connected to each other; c) sealing between the end of the male conduit and the female conduit; d) providing a first and second pair of cam members, each pair having first and second cam members, a pair of the cam members being pivotally disposed on opposite sides of the female conduit, each cam member having a lever portion and a cam portion, wherein the cam portions pass through the side openings and engage the external peripheral groove when the lever portion lies adjacent the female conduit in a closed position, each lever portion being outwardly moveable away from the female conduit to an open position to disengage the cam portions from the external peripheral groove; e) providing an inner lever portion on each second cam member and an outer lever portion on each first cam member, and substantially aligning the axes of the inner and outer lever portions; f) providing a first pull ring member on each outer lever portion and a second pull ring member on each inner lever portion for moving the first and second cam members from the closed position to the open position, wherein the first pull ring member is larger than the second pull ring member as would be seen in a top view so that the inner lever portion is more difficult to open than the outer lever portion; g) providing one cam portion on the first and second cam member so that the one cam portion of the first and second cam members are disposed in side-by-side relation so that a face of the one cam portion of the first cam member is contiguous with a face of the one cam portion of the second cam member; and h) configuring the inner lever portion to mechanically cooperate with a retaining member provided on the female conduit and configuring the outer lever portion to mechanically cooperate with the inner lever portion when the first and second cam members are in the closed position to prevent unintentional movement of the first and second cam members from the closed position to the open position.
 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising the step of providing a pin on each lever portion of the first and second cam members, each pin being biased for urging the pin into locking position to prevent the unintentional movement of the first and second cam members from the closed position to the open position.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the pin on each inner lever portion engages the retaining member and the pin on each outer lever portion engages a rear end of the inner lever portion to prevent the unintentional movement of the first and second cam members from the closed position to the open position.
 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising the step of providing a housing on an underside of each lever portion for containing the pin, each housing having a bore therein wherein the pin slides in the bore.
 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising the step of providing a pull ring actuatable by an operator and mechanically cooperating with the pin to allow an operator to move the pin for moving the first and second cam members from the closed position to the open position. 